Challenges Faced by a Country for Economic Development Essay Example for Free

Difficulties Faced by a Country for Economic Development Essay An economy is prospering and is demonstrated to be advantageous and productive for the individuals living in it just when the development of the economy goes up persistently. It is basic for a nation to grow strategically or socially as well as requirements to show monetary improvement so as to support in the global market and so as to come in front of different nations. Yet, it isn't extremely simple for any economy to monetarily continue developing in light of the fact that an umpteen number of interior and outer components that influence the development and the monetary turn of events and it is fundamental and critical for the nations to address the issues and push forward. There are some extremely regular difficulties that are looked by an economy that are talked about beneath. The nearness of outer irregular characteristics in the worldwide economy is one of the most compelling causes that force a test on the monetary improvement of any nation. There can be reasons, for example, political interruptions, changes in import-send out situation or remote money hold changes that can prompt irregularity in a nation that is outside to an economy. Be that as it may, the interruptions occurring in one nation can antagonistically influence the economy and monetary development of different nations also. The financial and monetary arrangements received by the legislature of an economy additionally have an immense task to carry out in the monetary turn of events. These approaches will in general effect the loan costs, cash flexibly and remote trade paces of an economy and if the arrangements are not in the kindness of the development, they can become significant difficulties and significant issues everywhere throughout the nation. Understand more: Essay About Disadvantages of Population The adjustment in exchange circumstances can likewise influence the economies. Fares of a nation help it in creating outside incomes while imports should be possible for various purposes, for example, assistance of an assembling procedure, giving essential necessities to the individuals and so forth. Furthermore, henceforth if there is a lopsidedness in the outer exchange that is occurring in a nation, it can prompt extreme choppiness and can antagonistically affect the financial development. Other financial factors, for example, destitution, expansion rate, populace likewise are reliant on an economy and furthermore sway the economy. In the event that a country has more significant level of neediness, it is bound to have monetary difficulties and comparably high populace isn't wanted and not prudent for high financial development. What's more, that is the motivation behind why the legislatures for the most part attempt to keep away from these ominous circumstances and attempt to keep up an equalization in the nations by various measures. There are a lot more reasons why the economies face serious test of exhibiting development and subsequently it is vital for the nations to embrace extraordinary and new strategies so as to stay away from these difficulties and encourage development. Reference: http://classof1.com/schoolwork help/universal financial aspects schoolwork help/ View as multi-pages

Oil and world Economy Essay -- essays papers

Oil and world Economy Question: Examine the oil business according to the world economy, using any monetary hypothesis/speculations you think proper. One of the most significant vitality assets since human contributed the machine is oil and its items. Yet, as all assets rare, oil is constrained significantly more. Just hardly any nations on the planet have oil fields and produce oil for the rest. In this manner, in these days where industrial facilities, vehicles and oil-terminated focal warming expanded fundamentally, oil has become a need for the general public. People’s requests for oil and its items, fuel, gas and oil for focal warming is boundless, however provider nations produce a fixed number of barrels of oil ordinary in order to keep up a specialized lack and, obviously, higher benefits. These couple of nations are the oligopoly of the business, have a market head and there are obstructions to the passage of new nations (Sloman 1997 : p.124). These nations are commanding the market of oil and made the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1960’s. OPEC is an intergovernmental association that offers steadiness and flourishing to the oil showcase. Participation is available to any nation which is an extraordinary net exporter and which has similar thoughts of this association. OPEC has now 11 individuals and supplies more than the 40% of the universes oil showcase. The cost of oil in the course of the most recent year has expanded around over 100%, arriving at the most significant levels over the la...

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Explaining the Responsibilities of Human Resource Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1008 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? For any organization to gain competitive advantage it is necessary to manage human resource effectively, as traditional management models are inappropriate in our dynamic work environment. In any organization hiring, promotion, development and deployment are most important to be left to human resource alone. Organizations are finding themselves having to confront a variety of economic, technological, legal, and cultural changes with which they must cope effectively if they are to remain viable. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Explaining the Responsibilities of Human Resource Management" essay for you Create order The human capital of an organization consists of the people who work there and on whom the success of the business depends. Human capital represents the human factor in the organization; the combined intelligence, skills and expertise that gives the organization its distinctive character. The human elements of the organization are those that are capable of learning, changing, innovating and providing the creative thrust which if properly motivated can ensure the long-term survival of the organization. For any organization human capital is considered as the prime asset and for any business to survive it is important for the business to invest. Human resource management main aims is to ensure that the organization recruit the right personal for the right job and retain the skilled committed and well motivated workforce it needed. The Human Resource has to assess and satisfy future people need to enhance and develop the inherent capacities of their workers. Human Resource Planning Process HR planning process determines the numbers of workers required by any organization to achieve its strategic goal, objectives. The main objective of the planning process is to ensure that the organization hire the right skills person for the right job. The competitive organizational strategy of the firm as a whole becomes the basis for the HR planning, which is the process of analyzing and identifying the need for and availability of human resources so that the organization would be in a position to achieve its strategic objectives and goals. Link to business planning Human resource planning is an integral part of overall business planning. It identifies the core competences that an organization required to achieve its goals and therefore its skill and behavioral requirements. The main role of Human resource under business planning is to interprets these plans in terms of people requirements and draw attention to the ways in which people could be developed and deployed more effectively to further achievement of business goals as well as focusing on any problems that might have to be resolved in order to ensure that the people required will be available and will be capable of making the necessary contribution. Human Resource Planning Responsibilities In any organization the Human resource department has most of the responsibilities for the planning process. Although other departments also provides data to HR to analyze. The top level managers are responsible for overall planning, they usually ask the Human resource department to project the human resource needed to implement overall goals of the organization. Recruitment The main role of Human resource planning process is to analyze the demand for labor within the organization and take necessary steps to ensure that to fill the position with the right person for the right job. In large organization they keep a record of how many employees are going to be retired in future and develop the demand for the new staff. In this way they can easily find the labor market, local, international or national from where they can recruit employees. Effective recruiting can have a significant positive impact on the organization, while poorly designed and executed recruiting involves all of the various activities aimed at attracting candidates to the organization. There are two main issues involved in recruitment i.e. cost of te recruitment and the relative effectiveness of the sources. The most difficult issue is the quality of the recruited individual and measurement of its effectiveness as it based on long term measures that are sometimes unreliable. There are main four stages of recruitment and selection: Defining requirement Planning recruitment campaign Attracting candidates Selecting candidates 1 Defining requirements: The number and categories of people required may be set out in formal human resource or workforce plans from which are derived detailed recruitment plans. Requirements are expressed in the form of ad hoc demands for the new workers because the creation of new posts, expansion into new activities or area or the need for a replacement, in case of short-term demand can put the human resource department under pressure to provide the employee quickly. In an organization requirements for a job are set out in the form of job description and person specifications. These provide the required information to draft the advertisement. The assessments of the candidates are carried out by selection tests and interviews. 2 Recruitment planning The recruitment plan mainly covers The number and type of employees required to cater for expansion or new development. The likely source of candidates Plans for tapping alternative sources How to recruitment program will be carried out 3 Attracting Candidates Next step is to attract the candidates. For attracting the candidates is to analyse the strength and weaknesses of the recruitments. The result of this analysis can be helpful for the human resource management to develop the employee brand and value proposition. Selecting Candidates The last step is selection of the candidates. The aim of the selection is to assess the suitability of candidates by predicting the extent to which they will be able to carry out a role successfully. It involves deciding on the degree to which the characteristics of applicants in terms of their competencies, experience, qualification, education and training match the person specification. It also involves using this assessment to make a choice between candidates. Professional Training Development Training and development strategy approach is used by he organizations so that they can ensure that in the future they can achieve their goals by professional training development of their employees. Training and development activities help the organization to achieve its goals by developing required skills and capacities of their employees. It can be described similarly as strategic human resource development

Freedom Versus Predestination a Comparative Analysis Essay

Freedom versus Predestination: A Comparative Analysis Shane Furlong Humanities 4640 April 14, 2013 (Week 5) Freedom versus Predestination: A Comparative Analysis This week’s essay is a comparative analysis of the theories of freedom (indeterminism) and predestination (religious determinism). Our analysis will attempt to prove the superiority of the theory of freedom over the theory of predestination. First, we will examine the theory of predestination as it is explained in the text â€Å"Ethics: Theory and Practice† (Thiroux amp; Krasemann, 2012). The organization of the text lends itself to our analysis since it highlights differences between the two theories in its defining process. We will illustrate the theory of†¦show more content†¦The theory further goes on to claim that this is an accurate depiction of the three major Western religions. For an example of the theory of predestination, we will look at the life of Judas Iscariot as portrayed in the Christian Bible. According to the theory of predestination, from the day Judas was born, he destined for hell . Judas was born for the sole purpose of betraying Jesus Christ. He had no choice in the matter. After betraying Jesus, Judas went off and hanged himself. It was his destiny to be damned for all time. While I was with them, I kept them in your name, which you have given me. I have guarded them, and not one of them has been lost except the son of destruction, that the Scripture might be fulfilled (Bible, John 17:12). It is my contention that predestination is not an accurate representation of the three major religions. For the sake of brevity, we will look at only one of the three major Western religions, Christianity. I will use the defining text of Christianity, the Bible, as my reference. One of Jesus’s disciples, Simon Peter, also betrayed Jesus on the night of his arrest. Although, Peter declared that he would never desert Jesus, he in fact denied knowing Jesus three times before the sun came up for the next day. According to the tenets of predestination, Peter, like Judas, was not a good person. He was not faithful to Jesus. In predestination there is no room for rehabilitation. We are either bornShow MoreRelatedInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 Pagesof scale, education, capital accumulation etc.) are not causes of growth; they are growth† (italics in original). Factor accumulation and innovation are only proximate causes of growth. In North and Thomas’s view, the fundamental explanation of comparative growth is diï ¬â‚¬erences in institutions. What are institutions exactly? North (1990, p. 3) oï ¬â‚¬ers the following deï ¬ nition: â€Å"Institutions are the rules of the game in a society or, more formally, are the humanly devised constraints that shape human interactionRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLine 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 De cision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics

Political Risk in Malaysia Free Essays

string(87) " decision last June which forced a temporary halt to work on the Bakun Dam in Sarawak\." †¢ The fact that Prime Minister Mahathir has seen fit to take a two month vacation is the strongest evidence in a long time that his position within UMNO remains unchallenged. The political succession issue also seems clearer now that Mahathir has permitted his deputy to assume the title of Acting Prime Minister. Such a privilege was not given to trusted lieutenant Ghafar Baba in 1989, when the prime minister was recovering from a coronary bypass operation. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Risk in Malaysia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Anwar’s performance will be watched closely in the coming weeks. Another test of the extent to which Mahathir is at ease with Anwar will be the degree to which the prime minister gives Anwar free reign to deal with any public controversies which arise while he is on leave. †¢ The by-election victory of the opposition Democratic Action Party in Perak in mid-May surprised many observers. However, it would be an exaggeration to suggest that the result portends a significant shift of ethnic Chinese support away from the government in the nation as a whole. Local issues were paramount in the campaign, and voters knew that they could support the opposition without threatening the National Front’s two-thirds majority in parliament. †¢ The differing approaches taken by Malay politicians (who have been calling for a tough stand against Singapore) and the Chinese business community (which has been urging moderation) has not yet led to any appreciable rise in ethnic tension. However, the situation could change quite significantly should Malay leaders suggest that the nation’s ethnic Chinese were siding with Singapore. Tension between Singapore and Malaysia has remained remarkably persistent, over the last few weeks, egged on by the semi-official press in both countries. An informal boycott of Malaysia by Singapore travel agencies during the school holiday season has been followed by a variety of tit for tat moves in Malaysia aimed at reducing Malaysian exports through Singapore and cracking down on Singaporean professionals working illegally on social visit passes. While politicians on both sides of the causeway have been more careful in their public statements, it is difficult to believe that the critical tenor of the reporting by the mass media of both countries does not have at least the tacit support of the two governments. Even so, things are unlikely to be allowed to get out of hand. †¢ Relations with the US, however, are improving. Once a staunch opponent of an American security presence in Asia, Kuala Lumpur now appears quite willing to cooperate with the US military in the region, with a number of US warships making high-profile calls at Malaysian ports in recent months. The policy shift appears to be related to efforts by Prime Minister Mahathir to woo US companies to invest in his pet project, the Multi-Media Super-Corridor (MSC). By providing facilities to US forces, Kuala Lumpur hopes to send a reassuring signal to the American companies it hopes to attract to the MSC. pic] Near-Term Outlook Steady as she goes Given a choice, Mahathir would probably very much like to concern himself with foreign policy issues in the coming months. However, it is very likely that domestic issues will continue to push their way to the top of the political agenda, forcing the prime minister to intervene belatedly to settle various issues which emerge while he is overseas. To the extent that the prime minister will want to sh ow any serious interest in domestic affairs, his attention will probably be focused on corruption. Mahathir appears to have concluded that graft — and Malaysia’s growing reputation for it — is becoming an increasingly serious obstacle to his efforts to win the country the international respect and admiration he believes it deserves as a result of its economic achievements. Meanwhile, Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim’s grip on the finance portfolio is under threat, with rumors circulating in Kuala Lumpur that the prime minister is none too pleased with the way he has handled several matters in the last few months. A series of missteps by Anwar has certainly left many in the private sector wondering whether the deputy prime minister is really the most suitable man for the job. There is little doubt that Dr. Mahathir remains in firm control of the country. So much so that uncertainties regarding policy issues only seem to emerge when he is not around. With the UMNO partly polls out of the way and national elections not due for some time, Dr. Mahathir can be expected to spend an increasing amount of his time pursuing his long-held interest in foreign affairs in locations such as Tokyo, Beijing and Seoul while putting domestic matters on hold. This year, Kuala Lumpur plays host to two important ASEAN meetings, and the prime minister will want to make the most of them. The first (in July) is the ASEAN ministerial meeting and its accompanying ASEAN Regional Forum with the grouping’s dialogue partners. The second (in December) is the ASEAN informal summit. In the run-up to both, Dr. Mahathir can be expected to make his views known on a variety of internationally controversial issues. Apart from a few more speeches about perceived Western arrogance, the prime minister will be pushing for the acceptance of Myanmar as a full member of ASEAN. There will also be more talk about the formation of a de facto EAEC, with Kuala Lumpur inviting participation from countries such as China, Japan and South Korea. With the prime minister traveling overseas quite a lot, it is possible to argue that the prospect of short-term government policy paralysis this year is greater than is generally realized. On several occasions now, the government has revealed a lack of decisiveness when faced with a controversial issue while the prime minister was out of the country. A case in point is Anwar’s foot-dragging early last year over the implementation of the rotation system for the position of Sabah Chief minister. Yet another was the unfavorable High Court decision last June which forced a temporary halt to work on the Bakun Dam in Sarawak. You read "Political Risk in Malaysia" in category "Papers" In both cases, flagging political resolve only revived when Mahathir returned to take charge of events. The more recent furor over the uncomplimentary remarks of Singapore’s Lee Kuan Yew regarding the crime situation in the southern Malaysian state of Johore are yet another example of the same thing. Although the matter appeared to have been resolved before Mahathir left for Tokyo, ministers emerged from a subsequent Cabinet meeting chaired by Anwar to make off-the-record comments to the press to the effect that Malaysia had decided to â€Å"freeze† its relations with Singapore in the wake of remarks by Singaporean leaders that implied that Malaysia had overreacted. The resulting media reports shocked the business community in both countries, since such reports inevitably conjured up visions of the 1965 split and suggested that a wide range of business and political ties would be disrupted. Yet another possible source of uncertainty in the coming months relates to the extent to which corporate rivalries will continue to reflect an ongoing political rift between Dr. Mahathir and Anwar. Reports that Renong has come up with a proposal to build a high-speed train line between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore — an idea which clashes directly with similar plans by DRB-Hicom — certainly suggests that they will. In the popular mind, Renong is associated with UMNO Treasurer Daim Zainuddin (a close Mahathir confidant), while DRB-Hicom is seen as being more closely linked with individuals associated with Anwar. The reality, however, is probably a little more complicated, with the late Tan Sri Yahaya of DRB-Hicom (who died suddenly in early March) arguably at least as close to Mahathir as he was to Anwar. Either way, the two companies have such powerful connections that the battle between them will almost certainly involve political as well as purely economic criteria. Local pundits may not have got it exactly right in the case of Renong and DRB-Hicom, but there is little doubt that policy differences between the prime minister and his deputy do have some impact on the corporate scene. A case in point is the recent refusal of the finance ministry to provide financial guarantees to Ekran, the company responsible for the construction of the massive Bakun Dam. Anwar has never really embraced the project, and it is not hard to conclude from this decision that the finance minister is determined to make things as difficult for Ekran as possible, despite the fact that the Bakun Dam is one of Mahathir’s pet projects. Of more relevance to the business community in general, however, is Anwar’s performance as minister of finance. With the economy doing well, it may be argued that the fact that he lacks a solid background in economics is of little consequence. All that is really required is an intelligent personality capable of taking advice from experts in both the ministry and the central bank. At this level, Anwar seems to measure up. However, a closer look suggests that he is also capable of making errors of judgment which could create quite serious problems in the future if they are made at a time when the economy is less resilient. Take the problem we mentioned earlier about the Cabinet decision regarding Singapore. Anwar could have ended the confusion over the freezing-of-relations reports as soon as they arose, but he chose not to do so. Instead, he issued a press statement which, while stopping short of announcing a trade and investment boycott, appeared to support widespread rumors that such a decision had actually been taken. In this way it may be argued that he allowed the alarm to spread though the business communities of both countries. As a result, the value of both the ringgit and Singapore dollar dropped overnight. Perhaps Anwar was trying to send a political message to Singapore. If so, it is worth noting that although Mahathir has had some high-profile tiffs with Western nations in the past, even he has never before sent such a blunt message to a neighboring country. Yet another apparent lapse in judgment concerns the way the central bank (technically under the control of Anwar’s finance ministry) handled an announcement at the end of March about new guidelines aimed at reducing lending to the property sector. A vaguely worded statement to the effect that the authorities had imposed a new 20% limit on bank loans to the sector sent the stock market reeling, with property and finance stocks in particular taking a beating. The new policy also redefined lending for share purchases in order to curb what monetary authorities said was excessive share speculation. Left to draw their own interpretations, some banks stopped giving out such loans altogether while checking whether they had exceeded the new limits. Anwar did little at first to clarify the situation, merely informing the press that he was satisfied with the CB move. It was not until several days later when the monetary authorities released details of the new guidelines (which contained exemptions that significantly watered down the effect of the new curbs) that the market stabilized. Not surprisingly, the incident has pleased nobody, with a number of economists privately accusing the authorities of backing down on an important measure designed to reduce the exposure of the banks to the property market. For Mahathir, the timing could not have been worse. The prime minister is particularly anxious to ensure that the listing of the Bakun Hydro-electric Corporation in June comes off well. With foreign investors shying away from the project, the company is now relying on the domestic market to absorb a massive M$3 billion in new shares. This will not be easy to do on a falling stockmarket, and Mahathir will now probably want to make sure that he is still in the country in the run-up to the IPO so that he can settle any last minute hitches. Meanwhile, with a Cabinet reshuffle on the cards in the coming months, the Deputy Prime Minister’s political opponents can be expected to once again press for Anwar’s removal in favor of Trade and Industry Minister Rafidah Aziz. Since the beginning of the year, Mahathir has lost two senior figures who played an important role in promoting projects in which he is especially interested. The uncertainties created as a result of the sudden death of businessman Tan Sri Yahaya show the sort of thing that can happen as a result of current Malaysian development strategies which place heavy reliance on individual entrepreneurs to run major companies in strategic industries. Of particular concern now is the fate of Malaysia’s national car project which Tan Sri Yahaya headed. The resignation of Selangor Chief Minister Tan Sri Tun Mustapha in mid-April as a result of corruption allegations is another case in point. The loss of Tun Muhamad was not a serious political blow to the prime minister, since the latter was not considered a key Mahathir loyalist. However, it has raised questions about the extent to which his successor will be willing to push the Multimedia Super Corridor project and support the development of Putra Jaya, the new administrative capital. The Sultan of Selangor does not appear to be especially interested in cooperating with Mahathir in selecting a replacement, and has instead made disparaging remarks about transfers of land ownership during Tun Muhamad’s tenure. The loss of key individuals in other economic sectors could also upset the apple cart. The huge M$15-billion Bakun Dam project in Sarawak, for example, is very closely associated with Tan Sri Ting Pek Khiing. The fact that he suffered a mild stroke last year cannot be regarded as good news for the hundreds of subcontractors — both local and foreign — which are expecting him to push the project through to completion. None of these problems, either by themselves or in combination, are likely to trip up a seasoned politician such as Mahathir, but they are going to be distractions from the foreign policy agenda the prime minister would rather follow. Two other developments are worth monitoring. The first concerns the degree to which the current anti-corruption drive can really be expected to take off, while the second concerns the (not entirely unrelated) political revival of UMNO Youth. The current anti-graft campaign really got going in the run-up to the UMNO party elections late last year when Mahathir ordered a blanket ban on campaigning in order to keep candidates from showering money and favors on delegates. Then, at the convention itself, he launched an emotional attack on graft, saying that it would destroy the party. The result has been that several corruption-tainted candidates competing in the party elections lost heavily. Since then, proposals have been tabled in parliament designed to increase the effectiveness of the Anti-Corruption Agency (ACA), the Selangor Chief Minister has been forced to resign, and no less than eight other senior officials have been placed under investigation. On this issue, Mahathir appears to have Anwar solidly behind him, although the latter has sometimes operated as something of a loose cannon, embarking on investigations that could ultimately implicate staunch Mahathir supporters such Works Minister Samy Vellu, for example. The latter development also points to a serious problem facing a national leadership wishing to pursue the matter further: how to launch a determined attack on graft without undercutting one’s own political support. For this reason alone, it is a fairly safe bet that the current campaign will not be a comprehensive one. More likely, a few carefully chosen cases will be vigorously pursued in the hope that this will have a demonstration effect on other greedy individuals. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, the newly elected leader of UMNO Youth, has not been wasting much time getting the once-influential organization back into the headlines. Although generally regarded as an Anwar man, Mr. Hamidi has an independent streak which could yet embarrass the deputy prime minister and see the youth organization setting off on a course quite different from that of the national leadership in the coming months. The violent way in which a conference on East Timor was broken up by Malay youths last year certainly put Anwar in the difficult position of having to distance the government from the actions of his political ally. Since then, Mr. Hamidi has taken on far less politically troublesome (for Anwar! ) issues such as the Australian racism debate, Singapore-Malaysia relations and Malay social problems. However, the ability of UMNO Youth to act independently in the future should not be underestimated. It would not be surprising, for example, if the organization turns out to be the prod that keeps the current anti-corruption drive alive much longer than many local politicians would like. How to cite Political Risk in Malaysia, Papers

Zappos case study free essay sample

1. What is the business of Zappos and what are its critical success factors (CSF’s)? [lists] Business of Zappos: Zappos is an online shoe store, providing customers with a great number of sizes, styles and brands. What Zappos applies is the Loyalty business model, which reflected in two ways. a. The loyalty of Zappos employees: the firm proposed â€Å"the offer† as a bonus to employees if they quit, which is an incentive for employees to quit. However, the employees that stay will be very committed to Zappos. b. The loyalty of Zappos’ customers: the services that Zappos offers to its customers are very attractive and beneficial to customers. For example, free delivers, 4-day delivery window and a 365-day return guarantee. All these services help Zappos gain more loyal customers. Their revenues are mostly come from its repeat customers. Critical Success: a. Timeliness of shipment: because as the business of Zappos grew, Zappos was confronted with the issues that their customers’ orders can’t be shipped on time. We will write a custom essay sample on Zappos case study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So Zappos opened its own warehouse and fulfillment centers, and of course hiring more employees to satisfy this high demand. Therefore, by implementing this set of actions, Zappos can offer the best selection of shoes available everywhere online. b. Training of employees: new employees must complete an intensive four-week training program, which let them better understand the company’s culture, business strategy and process. By training them, employees can enhance customer’s satisfaction. c. Customer services: Zappos focus on customer satisfaction. The orders will be accurately and speedy delivered to individual customers as best they can do. Also, the 365-return guarantee is a great policy to show company’s reliability. Furthermore, there are no call center scripts, time limits on calls, or predefined response to customer issues. This illustrates that Zappos pays a core attention on addressing customer needs and complaints, which will definitely add big extra credit to Zappos. d. Social networking: Zappos uses Twitter as a communication tool with customers, which creates a nice interactive customer community. Zappos can talk with their customers online and also their customer can give feedbacks to them through blogs. e. Fun atmosphere at work: employees at Zappos are encouraged to work in a fun atmosphere. They can wear whatever is funny and do some funning entertainments during office hours, which builds Zappos special culture. 2. Please complete the following table. Identify the key information systems and the related IT infrastructure investments that enable Zappos’ core business processes: Core Business Process Information Systems IT Infrastructure supplier management [an example response is attached; feel free to add to, modify or delete this example and create your own response] customer orders processing system customer returns processing system procurement system online, eCommerce Platform online, eCommerce Platform supplier extranet sales/order processing SCM system Hardware, speedy computers Network (Intranet) order fulfillment and distribution Supply chain management system Business process control platform supply chain management logistics and warehousing Warehouse management system Database for recording and storing inventory data customer servicing Customer relationship management system Call centers for make response to customers human resources management Employee relationship management system Capable database to manage employees. financial management ERP system Database for financial purposes Network: connect and update data through network Hardware, computers that are strong enough to deal with all these financial data. 3. In what ways does the design of Zappos’ Web site and related services support its business objectives? [list] a. Web site design-content: the products are categorized into different groups such as shoes, boots, clothing. So customers can click the exact categories they want to buy and review it with pictures shown in each categories. At the bottom of the website page, it shows â€Å"our newest products† and â€Å"Latest review†, which can gives customers a quick view of Zappos products and maybe some of them can quickly grasp customer’s attention and incentive them to view more Zappos products. Also, at the top of website page, there is alphabetical brand index, which means that the brands that Zappos own are listed with alpha. So it’s easier for customers to see what kinds of brands Zappos own and go directly the exact brands they desire. b. Web site design-layout: the layout of the page is very convenient for customers to look up what they what to look up. First entering into the website, on the top left-hand, it shows the brand name or the category about what this website is about. For example, Zappos’ outdoor website will show the big word â€Å"Outdoor† on the top left hand of the page. The layout of page is easy for customers to find out what they really need. c. Other related services: search functions at the very top of website page, which facilitate the process that customers search the exact products they want from Zappos, which make it easier and faster. Also, at the very bottom of website page, there are lists of customer services available for customers such as FAQs, contact info., feedback. 4. Why did it make sense for Amazon to acquire Zappos? What expertise in terms of information management and the use of IT did Amazon bring to the game that might improve Zappos’ eCommerce competitiveness? [lists] Reasons for Amazon to acquire Zappos: a. Zappos’ business are very focus on their customers, they train employees and do well customer services are all considered to be done well to satisfy customers. So by acquiring Zappos, Amazon can learn from Zappos and improve their customer services from different aspects. b. Zappos has a great potential to grow as a very big business because Zappos create a good interactive consumer community with their customers. The growing number of loyalty customers is the essence of Zappos’ success. So by acquiring Zappos, the loyalty consumers of Zappos will also loyal to Amazon, which can attract more customers to Amazon. c. Zappos unique culture is influential. The fun atmosphere is a great incentive for employees to work happily and the training makes them become very loyal to Zappos. This great atmosphere can also influence other employees who work at Amazon if Amazon acquires Zappos, which can greatly improve the operating efficiency. Expertise Amazon brings: Information management: a. E-commerce platform: Amazon is famous for its e-commerce system which brought up huge amounts of revenue to the market. So the great amount of customers that Amazon owns can bring more sales for Zappos. b. CRM system: Amazon keep a very close connection with their customers by frequently sending emails, and very responsive to customers problems about their orders. For example, many Amazon’s customers are students, so Amazon has the special plan for university students, which let students get more involved with Amazon and further become loyal to Amazon. This great CRM system can help raise Zappos reputation among customers. c. ERP system: With a good ERP system, it can better control the business process. Amazon’s ERP system act as a very important factor to support the great amount of goods flowing in and out. Zappos can definitely take advantage of this ERP system to better manage its product flow and improve operating efficiency. IT: a. Database: As Amazon has a very big business throughout multiple countries, all the information about their products is a great amount of data, Amazon definitely need to keep it. So Amazon’s database is very strong and integrated to store all their business data. As Zappos’ business is growing, it will need centralized database to support business running. b. Network: Amazon is dependent on extranet to communicate with their customers, suppliers and partners. This networking is necessary to build a strong customer intimacy. As Zappos’ business is growing, the networking is more and more important.

Facebook an important weapon in the politics of Vietnam.

Facebook an important weapon in the politics of Vietnam. Facebook was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberger. It was initially meant for students of Harvard University. Over the years, it grew to include all universities in Boston and presently it has become global (Phillips 3). There are no charges for registration on the site.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Facebook an important weapon in the politics of Vietnam. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Facebook generates its income from advertising (Phillips 4). It is the biggest site of its kind that focuses on education. Facebook’s management structure has Mark Zuckerberg as Chairman and principal executive officer. The company has operations in many countries around the globe. There are staff members that autonomously manage operations in these countries. The staff may be based in any part of the world because Facebook is Internet based. These people are responsible for daily decisions regarding Facebook operation s in the host country. Policy guidelines are laid out by the principal executive officer, and board of directors has to be considered for every decision. This method of management is quite effective. It allows individuals with knowledge on certain aspects of an economy to guide the business accordingly for achievement of objectives. One of Facebook’s objectives as a business is to connect all people who were part of a school, college or University. A key aspect in the success of any media platform in a country is knowledge of the spoken indigenous language (Kreitner 210). A country like Vietnam has its indigenous language as the official language. This means operation in that country has to be in Vietnamese, and that is what Facebook has done in Vietnam. Vietnam’s economy is growing at a very fast rate. This economic growth and development comes with increased use of certain services. One of these services is the Internet. Many people in developed and emerging economie s access information and disperse news through social media. The economy in South East Asia has not been left behind. There is a rampant use of social media use in Vietnam, and Facebook has the majority of users. Vietnam has become the leader in relation to Facebook users in the region. Users of Facebook in Vietnam are very aggressive in sharing information on political injustice. At the moment, 71.4% of all the people who use the Internet in Vietnam are registered (Thang 20).Advertising Looking for case study on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are about 32 million Internet users in this country going by the latest records. Facebook has around twenty two million users in Vietnam. These are many people by any standards. The rate at which these users increase is also fast. In 2012, there existed only 8.5 million registered users in Vietnam (Thang 20). Fourteen million new users joined Fa cebook in Vietnam within that time. Compare this with Six million users of Facebook who dropped its use in America in a period of one month. No other country in the world has this record of Facebook growth. Examining the two nations in terms of Facebook’s growth, they are the exact opposite when parameters like registrations and usage are considered. Such rates are encouraging to those keen on marketing their businesses in the Vietnamese economy. There is another good side to a population that is aggressive on Facebook. It is the ability to share opinions on issues. Facebook has empowered the people of Vietnam to share their opinion using Facebook. They are no longer afraid to air their opinion through social media (Do 2). The environment in Vietnam is not very conducive for the press. The Vietnamese administration uses a number of tactics to suppress members of the third estate. The targeted are people who raise questions about the conduct of government, and activists who in quire about state accountability on matters related to public finance. These methods of suppression are both physical and legal in their manner of orchestration. The legal means is misuse of permissible instruments meant for ensuring justice. Intimidation from the state has left very few options for dissenting voices. The only way to give one’s opinion on political issues without becoming a target is through the Internet. This is mostly done through social media and blogs (Freedom House 10). Three well known bloggers are under prosecution on charges made up by the government to silence their opinion. They have a good chance of being sentenced to two decades in prison. The charges are dubious and branded as influencing the Vietnamese population through propaganda against the government. The bloggers stirred up the wrath of authorities by questioning the unlawful acquisition of land by the state, and irregularly granting China territorial concessions (Borders (RWB) 4). The Inte rnational Federation for human rights (FIDH) had concerns with the way the Vietnamese authorities were unpredictable and lacked transparency on the topics that the bloggers were barred from covering.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Facebook an important weapon in the politics of Vietnam. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to FIDH, it was a way of intimidating the bloggers (Gaydazhieva 6). There has been an increase in the surveillance of bloggers in Vietnam. Ten years ago, bloggers were not under strict government surveillance. The government has realised that blogs are a â€Å"safe haven† for critics of its policies. It views these platforms as dangerous and capable of igniting a revolution (Thang 26). There is a unit under the ministry of Public Security that monitors Internet users who visit sites that cover politically sensitive issues. The government also perceives websites like Facebook as threats in dispersing information. It is in this regard that it has created its own social network platform. It probably plans to utilise this platform to fortify its Internet monitoring programs for the citizens (Opennet 5). Things are worse at the moment with the state’s enforcement of a Decree called 72. This was done in 1st of September 2013. This legislation is not very clear on issues concerning the media, and touches on certain aspects of bloggers and users of popular social media such as Facebook (J. Phillips 2). Under the legislation, there should be no discussions about political issues or any other information that is not personal in relation to the definition of the authorities in any form of media. It would be criminal to engage in the mentioned exchanges. The state claims that its aim is to protect citizens from becoming corrupt because of the influence of information streaming from other nations (Shubber 3). Most people registered on Facebook in Vietnam could n ot access it for a while because of government restrictions. There is some amount of truth in this belief because Vietnamese authorities believe Facebook has a hand in the social unrest that plagues the country. The conflict is about the high cost of living in a country whose economy used to be stable. Inflation is now over 10%, and the price of rice has considerably increased. The state believes that demonstrations witnessed recently are coordinated through this social media platform. The people of Vietnam are aware of other means to go around government restrictions on access of Facebook. Most of them can access their Facebook accounts through a trick from Google called Domain Name System (DNS). Previously, this go-around did not work. It was only possible to gain access through other advanced tools for bypassing the security checks such as HotpotShield, Tor and a Virtual Private Network (VPN). This troubled access has been on for about two years (Do 1).Advertising Looking for case study on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The method of blockage implemented by Vietnamese authorities does not guarantee that users are denied access compared to what happens in China. China blocks use of such sites from the Internet Service Providers (ISP). Using Internet service providers is more effective than Vietnam’s method (Clark 5). Facebook is the only means Vietnamese can use to share opinions on political matters. Close monitoring and stringent rules leave no other option. People in this country are scared of arrests by the police that results in long sentences or death in police stations (Great Britain Foreign and Commonwealth Office 166). The impact of Facebook in Vietnam cannot be underestimated. This was witnessed on October 4th 2013 with the death of independence hero Vo Nguyen Giap. Many Facebook users in Vietnam put his face in their profiles. Use of pictures without any words was a coded message that is political in nature. It is difficult to prosecute a person on the basis of a morally upright pi cture that has been posted on his profile. There was something similar when China and Vietnam were not in agreement over territorial ownership of some islands. Vietnamese posted pictures showing a Chinese naval officer guarding what was marked as Vietnam territory. Coded message was shared before the restriction on Facebook was imposed in Vietnam. It resulted in demonstrations against China that many Vietnamese believed was violating their country’s sovereignty. Obviously, many of them were not happy about the way their country was run. Citizens of Vietnam believe that there is no capable leader in their country. The only leader that the citizens saw was the late Giap because he liberated them from the colonialists. They find themselves colonised by a waning economy and corrupt leaders (‘’How a Facebook profile has become a political tool in Vietnam’’ 2). It is obvious that the state has noticed this trend. Another Facebook blockage would likely exp ose the leadership at this moment as undemocratic and against any reforms. This means that social media users have a chance to continue with their coded messages. In a country where media freedom is controlled by a regime keen on taming real democracy, this is the citizens’ only platform to express discontent. Vietnamese government has a number of times tried to control Facebook in the same way it does other formal media and blogs. This has not been easy because the Facebook servers used by Vietnam are not within its borders. It has on many occasions requested that Facebook maintains an office in the country. Facebook is reluctant because it wants to protect its revenue generated by users registered in the country. This gives Vietnamese another opportunity to continue sharing coded messages that are political. In Vietnam, the government controls the media directly or indirectly. Editors and many journalists employed in media houses are under a strong influence of the governme nt. In some cases, the Vietnamese government or a high-ranking state official is the majority shareholder of media companies. In addition, the government keeps media chiefs in check by holding regular meetings with them on the content they put out to the public. Foreign journalists are controlled by being given short government work permits. Foreign journalists who do not report favourably about the government will most likely have their work permits revoked (Nguyen 3). The media that lean on only one side of a political divide cannot be trusted to drive change that citizens of Vietnam yearn. In Facebook, users have the option of engaging one another even through the use of coded messages unlike other media controlled by the state. The Internet and Facebook have the ability to bring political change in a society. The Arab spring is a good example of how this feat is achievable. It can be concluded that it brings about liberation to the common man, whether real or imagined (Storck 4) . Facebook as an Internet tool is useful in convincing people about political opinions. This should not be overlooked by any person in power in today’s age. Facebook could become the genesis of involving people in the governance of their country. It can also be a useful way of communication between the government and its citizens (Bunyavejchewin 69). It can be used to propagate harmony in the society. Governments should harness this characteristic because it is a powerful media platform. The legislation proposed by the government of Vietnam cannot be implemented. Even if it is implemented, the costs involved will be so much for the government. Vietnamese administration is trying desperately to keep people from sharing opinions on how their country is governed. This is not the right approach in a world that is connected and full of tech savvy individuals. Vietnamese government should tackle issues of governance raised by its citizens through the same means. There is no use cre ating replica services that are expensive to run. A well-informed government can counter embarrassing demonstrations that it desperately tries to contain by using media professionals. The country stands to benefit from a government that allows media to operate in such a way through increased foreign investment in the sector. In this case, we see how the structure of this social network giant in management helps it in navigating an environment that is not very friendly. Its decision to host servers outside Vietnam has made it the only option for expression of political discontent in an ingenious and immune way. Facebook enables the leaders in Vietnam to realise that they cannot be fully in control of the way people express themselves. It is a simple case that depicts the impact of social media on governance and leadership of nations. Facebook and other social media have been use to bring down governments- case in point the Arab spring. The world is changing in term of the way informa tion is relayed. Governments will soon realise that silencing media platforms is not easy. People can voice their concerns through social media platforms like Facebook when the government gags the main stream media. Bunyavejchewin, Poowin. Internet Politics: Internet as a Political Tool in Thailand. Canadian Social Sciences. Vol 6, No. 3, 2010, pp. 66-72. Academia.edu. Web. Clark, Helen. Facebook in Vietnam: Why the block doesnt work. 5th May 2010. Web. minnpost.com/global-post/2010/10/facebook-vietnam-why-block-doesnt-work. Do, Anh-Minh. How a Facebook profile picture has become a political tool in Vietnam. 15th October 2013. Web. techinasia.com/facebook-profile-picture-political-tool-vietnam/?utm_source=feedburnerutm_medium=feedutm_campaign=Feed%3A+PennOlson+%28Tech+in+Asia%29. Do, Anh-Minh. Vietnams Facebook penetration hits over 70%, adding 14 million users in one year. 25th September 2013. Web. techinasia.com/vietnams-facebook-penetration-hits-70-adding-14-million-users-year/. Freedom House. Vietnam 2013. Web. freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2013/vietnam. Gaydazhieva, Stanislava. Media: Activists criticise Internet freedom in Vietnam – New Europe. 28th February 2013. Web. marietjeschaake.eu/2013/02/media-activists-criticise-internet-freedom-in-vietnam/. Great Britain: Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Annual report on human rights 2009. 2010. London: The Stationary Office. Print. Kreitner, Robert. Management. 2008. New York: Cengage Learning, Print. Nguyen, Giang. Vietnam. 1st January 2010. Web. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/documents/Media_Landscapes/Vietnam.pdf. Opennet: Vietnam 2012. Web. https://opennet.net/research/profiles/vietnam Phillips, Jak. ‘The Civil Disobedience of the 21st Century’: How Vietnamese Bloggers Evade Controls. 1st October 2013. Web. http://world.time.com/2013/09/30/the-civil-disobedience-of-the-21st-century-how-vietnamese-bloggers-evade-controls/. Phillips, Sarah. A brief history o f Facebook. 25th July 2007. Web. theguardian.com/technology/2007/jul/25/media.newmedia. Reporters Without Borders (RWB). Special report: Crackdown on the media and dissent in Vietnam. 25th September 2013. Web. . Shubber, Kadhim. Vietnam to ban discussion of news on social media sites. 6th August 2013. Web. wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-08/06/vietnam-decree-72. Storck, Madeline 2011, The Role of Social Media in Political Mobilisation: a casestudy of the January 2011 Egyptian Uprising. PDF file. 20th December 2011. Thang, Nguyen Lang. Vietnams press freedom shrinks despite open economy. 19th September 2012. Web. http://cpj.org/reports/2012/09/vietnams-press-freedom-shrinks-despite-open-economy.php.

Free Online Public Schools for SC Students K-12

Free Online Public Schools for SC Students K-12 South Carolina offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free. In order to qualify for the list, schools must meet several qualifications: the classes must be available completely online, they must offer services to the students state of residence, and they must be funded by the government. Virtual schools may be charter schools, state-wide public programs, or private programs that receive government funding. Here is a list of no-cost online schools currently serving elementary and high school students in South Carolina. List of Alabama Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Insight School of South Carolina link is to national network of schoolsSouth Carolina Virtual School Bad link https://www.k12.com/participating-schools.html?statesouth-carolina About Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Many states now offer tuition-free online schools for resident students under a certain age,  often 21). Most virtual schools are charter schools; they receive government funding and are run by a private organization. Online charter schools are subject to fewer restrictions than traditional schools. However, they are reviewed regularly and must continue to meet state standards. Some states also offer their own online public schools. These virtual programs generally operate from a state office or a school district. State-wide public school programs vary. Some online public schools offer a limited number of remedial or advanced courses not available in brick-and-mortar public school campuses. Others offer full online diploma programs. A few states choose to fund â€Å"seats† for students in private online schools. The number of available seats may be limited and students are usually asked to apply through their public school guidance counselor. (See also: 4 Types of Online High Schools). Choosing a South Carolina Online Public School When choosing an online public school, look for an established program that is regionally accredited and has a track record of success. Be wary of new schools that are disorganized, are unaccredited, or have been the subject of public scrutiny. For more suggestions on evaluating virtual schools see: How to Choose an Online High School. How to Choose an Online High School http://distancelearn.about.com/od/virtualhighschools/a/OnlineHighQ.htm 4 Types of Online High Schools http://distancelearn.about.com/od/virtualhighschools/a/HS_Types.htm Online Charter School Basics http://distancelearn.about.com/od/virtualhighschools/a/CharterInfo.htm How to Find an Online Charter School http://distancelearn.about.com/od/virtualhighschools/a/CharterSchool.htm School Accreditation http://distancelearn.about.com/od/accreditationinfo/a/accreditation1.htm Regionally Accredited Online High Schools http://distancelearn.about.com/od/virtualhighschools/a/RAOnlineHS.htm Online High School Pros and Cons http://distancelearn.about.com/od/virtualhighschools/a/hsprosandcons.htm

Memogate - Fact, Fiction and Political Lies Essay

Memogate - Fact, Fiction and Political Lies - Essay Example Analogous to Vietnam, the American troops and their allies dug into the urban areas using fortified structures that were seen as impenetrable for organized Taliban and Al-Qaeda troops. This had one major impact – conventional warfare was not possible in Afghanistan anymore as the Taliban and Al-Qaeda could not mount infantry or artillery attacks. Given the limited choices to act, the Taliban and Al-Qaeda turned over to guerilla tactics with special emphasis being placed on suicide bombing runs inside US bases in Afghanistan. Rising causalities inside the US bases as well as on roads throughout Afghanistan forced the US to act once more. In order to deal with the challenges at hand, the military’s top brass and the hawks in Washington decided to escalate troop levels in order to pursue a policy of â€Å"boots on the ground†. The rising troop levels and the enhanced military activity on ground meant that the Taliban and Al-Qaeda needed new places to hide. This was an obvious response from the Taliban and Al-Qaeda as they needed bases to train troops, plan and execute operations, plan for longer term strategies and the like. However, space in Afghanistan was running out for both the Taliban and Al-Qaeda who were on the run given escalated military activity. As a response to this, the Taliban and Al-Qaeda moved over into neighboring Pakistan’s tribal belt. ... The closely knitted extended family structure in the region which sponsored tribalism was also able to help the Taliban and Al-Qaeda in finding shelter. Even though it was obvious where the enemy was stationed, the US troops and their allies could not operate inside Pakistan as they had in Afghanistan. The sanctity of an international border was far too great to be desecrated along with the sensitivities of the Pakistani side. The US was quick to bring in drones to attack targets inside Pakistani territory but this had only limited effect as the results of surgical strikes are incomparable to the results of entire infantry and artillery movements. Consequently the Pakistani military and intelligence agencies were brought in to deal with the situation in the border tribal regions. The US and its allies expected compliance with their goals but the Pakistani intelligence structure had its own objectives lurking under the guise of cooperation. Continuous failure on the part of the Pakist ani military brass led the US and its allies to limit information sharing. As relations became more and more strained, the cooperation between the US and Pakistan came to an all-time low (Kronstadt). The military regime of Musharraf was replaced in time by a democratic government in 2007 that was looking for protection from the US from the very start. As the democratic government leaned towards the US and its objectives, results began to arrive. The Osama bin Laden raid in Abbottabad helped to effectively end the threat for once and for all. However such cooperation by the democratic government put it in direct opposition of the Pakistani military and intelligence agencies. Soon a new controversy in the form of the Memogate

The Causes and Effects of Islamic Resurgence in Late 20th and Early Essay

The Causes and Effects of Islamic Resurgence in Late 20th and Early 21st century in the Middle East - Essay Example The growing interest in the Islamic resurgence can be traced by several factors. Ali E.Hillal Dessouki enumerated three factors: one is the increasing economic influence of oil-producing countries which are mostly Islamic; another is the concern with the security and the stability of the Persian/Arab Gulf countries; and the new wave of Islamic resurgence in almost all countries where Muslims live (page 3). These interests have been the fruit of the Muslim's search in revitalizing Islam and the Muslim community. According to John L. Esposito et al., Muslims seek to restore Islam with the experience of Muslim decline and western domination in the late 20th century (page 37). Baath Party is a political party and movement influential among Arab communities in the Middle East, especially in Syria and Iraq. From the beginning, the Baath Party was a secular Arab nationalist party. Socialism was originally the economic system of belief of the Party. Thematically, the name baath means resurrection or renaissance. This is the apparent initial movement that aims at rebuilding and encouraging the rebirth of Arab national spirit. Most of the major proponents of early Baathist contemplation had been partially influenced by education in the West. At first, the three major proponents of Baathist thought - Arsuzi, Salah, and Aflaq developed their vision of Arab nationalism to just diminutive audiences in Syria. Eventually, Salah and Aflaq joined in support the Ali al-Gailani's government in Iraq against the British presence during the 1940s. From then on, the movement evolved into a party with an approved constitution and executive committee. However, the intention and purpose of the regional Baath Party was wholly surpassed and eclipsed by the regional commands of he Baath parties of Syria and Iraq. Baath parties in Syria and Iraq each created its own national command. These two countries were the guiding force to the rest of regional commands of the Baath Party that existed in other Arab countries like Jordan, Lebanon and Yemen. They served as a subordinate of the dominant Baath Party in Syria and Iraq. A significant rebirth of Islam occurred when the Syrian Baath merged with the Arab Socialist Party of Akram al-Hurani in 1952. They jointly formed the Arab Baath Socialist Party that successfully won at the 1954 election. It was from then on that Baath members played an important role in the politics of Syria. More importantly, the Baath party were instrumental in procuring the union with Egypt that led to the official and momentary termination of the party and let down of the Baathists. B. Secularism Secularism has been the factor of the Islamic resurgence. Since the year 1979 revolution, the Shiite clergy dominated the political life in contemporary Iran. Furthermore, religious fundamentalists in Arab communities campaign for the fusion of religious authority with temporal political power. C. Nationalism In the rebirth of Islam religion, the term nationalism is greatly regarded as Arab Nationalism. It refers to both doctrines and movements emphasizing the cultural identity and the political independence, solidarity, association, or unity of Arab people and sovereign states. The Arab nationalism developed rapidly and hit its

The Life And Music Of John Coltrane Essay -- essays research papers f

A Brief Look Into The Life and Music of JOHN COLTRANE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Coltrane was born in born in Hamlet, North Carolina on September 23, 1926. John Coltrane was an only child. His father, John was a tailor who played the violin and ukulele, and his mother Alice played piano and sang in the church choir. This was a great environment to foster his love of music. Coltrane soon moved with his family to the town of High Point, where his grandfather was the pastor of the A.M.E. Zion Church. His family was very religious and this instilled in him a deep devotion in religion. At the age of twelve Coltrane's received his first instrument a clarinet which he played for hours on end, that same year Coltrane?s father died. A year after Coltrane?s father died his mother decided to move away to North to Atlantic City to find a work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Young Coltrane stayed in North Carolina with relatives. By his senior year, he had learned to play a borrowed alto saxophone and was getting recognition from his classmates and even the locals. Work was hard to find in most of the Southern states in 1943, so when John Coltrane graduated he and two friends decided to move to Philadelphia, where one of the friends' brothers already lived.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coltrane would live in Philadelphia off and on until about 1957. His decision to migrate north was a common one, and Coltrane did indeed find work as a laborer in a sugar-refining factory. A couple of months later he enrolled in the Ornstein School of Music on 19th and Spruce Streets. In Philadelphia John Coltrane could hear a lot of the blues and jazz which weren't often broadcast in the South further extending his experience and horizons. He continued to practice his sax alone in his room until he was drafted into the Navy band in 1945. He returned to Philadelphia in 1946 after being discharged. At this point in his life Coltrane was totally committed to becoming a professional musician. Coltrane worked a variety of jobs through the late forties until in 1947 he joined Eddie Vinson's jazz band, switching reluctantly to play the tenor sax to do so. The group toured extensively, particularly in the South and southwest. It?s at this point that he started to drink excessively to top off his already heavy smoking habit. A short while after that he joined many other ... ...deas of his day and found his own particular niche which was influenced by Indian and African music, and his style continues to influence musicians today. One can only wonder what sorts of jazz music Coltrane may have explored beyond 17th of July 1967. His music lives on in the many recording, and in the music of those who worked with him. Bibliography: http://www.apassion4jazz.net/page3.html http://www.encyclopedia.com/articles/06601.html http://www.lis.uiuc.edu/~bjallen/freejazz.html http://www.olemiss.edu/courses/mus103/units/Jazz/JazzSlides/ppframe.htm http://www.firstcut.com/9613/g1.html http://encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?ti=02417000#7 http://www.guitarmain.com/i_gloss.html http://www.allaboutjazz.com/threads/century.htm http://www.americanjazzmuseum.com/index.html http://www.northwestern.edu/jazz/artists/coltrane.john/ http://www.culturekiosque.com/jazz/miles/rhemile11.htm http://www.encyclopedia.com/articles/02957.html http://www.jazzandbluesmasters.com/Coltrane.htm http://www.jwri.osaka-u.ac.jp/~moon/john.html http://www.thejazzfiles.com/JazzColtrane.html http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Bmi3m967o3epo

Designing a Toasting Oven in Order to Produce Corn Flakes

Prof. Dr. Suat Ungan Fd. E. 425 Food Engineering Design Coordinator Middle East Technical University Food Engineering Department Ankara 06531 November 25, 2011 Dear Mr. Ungan, Please accept the accompanying Work Term Report, aimed designing a toasting oven in order to produce corn flakes. In the designed system 10 tons corn flakes per day is produced. After some processes, corn flakes enters the roasting oven at 20% humidity and exits at 4%humidity. The roasting oven can operate at ( ±10 ? C) 225 0C. Toasting oven is designed by considering its length, area and operating temperature.Optimizations are done according to these factors on the cost of the total design. In the design system, rotary drum drier is used. 350 days of the year plant works and production occurs 16 hours in a day. Corn flakes enter the oven at 225 0C . Amount of air is calculated as 0,648 kg dry air/s . Length of the drier is calculated as 2. 27 m. in the result of optimizations done according to proper drying time and dryer diameter. Heat energy needed to raise the inlet temperature of air to 225 0C, is found as 157kw and heat loss is found as 23. 6kw.Through these data, total investment which contains dryer cost and electricity cost is found as 92794. 98TL. Sincerely, group 3 members TABLE OF CONTENT SUMMARY In this design a rotary dryer is designed for drying of corn flakes which have the moisture content 20%. Corn flakes are dried with air 9 % moisture content. The production is done for 16 hours in a day and 10 tons corn flakes are produced per day. In production process, corn flakes are cooked under pressure. After cooking step, big masses are broken to pieces and sent to driers in order to get the moisture level at 20%. After this process, roduct is flaked between large steel cylinders and cooled with internal water flow. Soft flakes are sent to rotary dryers in order to dehydration to 4% final moisture content and toasting. In the toasting oven, flakes are exposed to 225 0C air fo r 2-3 min. The drier length is calculated as 2. 27 m with the diameter of 0. 082m with the assumption of 4%moisture content inlet air and 9%content outlet air. Flow rate of feed is calculated as 0. 206kg/s. Mass flow rate of the inlet air is calculated as 0,648 kg dry air/s. Energy needed for bring the temperature of air to 225 0C is calculated as 157kw and heat loss in the system is 23. kw. By making optimizations total capital investment is calculated as92794. 98TL which includes 84881TL electricity cost and 7913TL dryer cost. Finally by making optimizations, in order to have minimum length and suitable energy for the drier, 215 0C is chosen the best temperature for the inlet air. I. INTRODUCTION Rotary dryers potentially represent the oldest continuous and undoubtedly the most common high volume dryer used in industry, and it has evolved more adaptations of the technology than any other dryer classification. [1] Drying the materials is an important consumption process.It is also one of the important parts in cement production process, and affects the quality and consumption of the grinding machine. Drum dryer is the main equipment of drying materials, it has simple structure, reliable operation, and convenient to manage. However there are some problems which are huge heat loss, low thermal efficiency, high heat consumption, more dust, and difficult to control the moisture out of the machine. It plays a significant role in improving drying technology level and thermal efficiency in drying process, reduce the thermal and production lost. 2] In this design we are asked to design a rotary drier which works 16 hours in a day and produces 10 tones corn flakes per day. Also it is mentioned that, corn flakes enters to drier at 20 %humidity and exits 3-5%humidity. This report is about designing a rotary dryer with its dimensions for considering to get the minimum total cost. Optimizations are done according to inlet temperature of the air to the drier. In the design system heat needed for heating the inlet temperatures and length of the rotary dryer as material cost is thought, and optimization is done by considering minimum total cost for the system.II. PREVIOUS WORK Drying is perhaps the oldest, most common operation of chemical engineering unit operations. Over four hundred types of dryers have been reported in the literature while over one hundred distinct types are commonly available[3] Drying occurs by effecting vaporization of the liquid by providing heat to the wet feedstock. Heat may be supplied by convection (direct dryers), by conduction (contact or indirect dryers), radiation or by microwave. Over 85 percent of industrial dryers are of the convective type with hot air or direct combustion gases as the drying medium.Over 99 percent of the applications involve removal of water. [3] * Rotary Dryer; All rotary dryers have the feed materials passing through a rotating cylinder termed a drum. It is a cylindrical shell usually constructed from steel plates, slightly inclined, typically 0. 3-5 m in diameter, 5-90 m in length and rotating at 1-5 rpm. It is operated in some cases with a negative internal pressure (vacuum) to prevent dust escape. Depending on the arrangement for the contact between the drying gas and the solids, a dryer may be classified as direct or indirect, con-current or counter-current.Noted for their flexibility and heavy construction, rotary dryers are less sensitive to wide fluctuations in throughput and product size. [4] * Pneumatic/Flash Dryer;The pneumatic or ‘flash’ dryer is used with products that dry rapidly owing to the easy removal of free moisture or where any needed diffusion to the surface occurs readily. Drying takes place in a matter of seconds. Wet material is mixed with a stream of heated air (or other gas), which conveys it through a drying duct where high heat and mass transfer rates rapidly dry the product.Applications include the drying of filter cakes, crystals, granules, pastes, sludge and slurries; in fact almost any material where a powdered product is required. * Spray Dryers; Spray drying has been one of the most energy-consuming drying processes, yet it remains one that is essential to the production of dairy and food product powders. Basically, spray drying is accomplished by atomizing feed liquid into a drying chamber, where the small droplets are subjected to a stream of hot air and converted to powder particles.As the powder is discharged from the drying chamber, it is passed through a powder/air separator and collected for packaging. Most spray dryers are equipped for primary powder collection at efficiency of about 99. 5%, and most can be supplied with secondary collection equipment if necessary * Fluidised Bed Dryer; Fluid bed dryers are found throughout all industries, from heavy mining through food, fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. They provide an effective method of drying relatively free flowing particles with a reasonab ly narrow particle size distribution.In general, fluid bed dryers operate on a through-the-bed flow pattern with the gas passing through the product perpendicular to the direction of travel. The dry product is discharged from the same section. * Hot Air Dryer- Stenter; Fabric drying is usually carried out on either drying cylinders (intermediate drying) or on stenters (final drying). Drying cylinders are basically a series of steam-heated drums over which the fabric passes. It has the drawback of pulling the fabric and effectively reducing its width.For this reason it tends to be used for intermediate drying * Contact Drying- Steam Cylinders/Can; This is the simplest and cheapest mode of drying woven fabrics. It is mainly used for intermediate drying rather than final drying (since there is no means of controlling fabric width) and for pre drying prior to stentering. * Infra red drying; Infrared energy can be generated by electric or gas infrared heaters or emitters. Each energy sou rce has advantages and disadvantages.Typically, gas infrared systems are more expensive to buy because they require safety controls and gas-handling equipment, but they often are less expensive to run because gas usually is cheaper than electricity. Gas infrared is often a good choice for applications that require a lot of energy. Products such as nonwoven and textile webs are examples where gas often is a good choice. [5] * III. DISCUSSION For the designed system a rotary drum dryer is chosen. Rotary drum dryer  is used for drying material with humidity or granularity in the industries of mineral dressing, building material, metallurgy and chemical.It has advantage of reasonable structure, high efficiency, low energy consumption[6]   advantages of drum dryer: | | Suitable for handling liquid or pasty feeds. Product is powdery, flaky form Uniform drying due to uniform application of film. Medium range capacities. Very High thermal efficiency Continuous operation Compact installa tion Closed construction is possible  [7] By hot air stream, heat for Toasting of the flakes in the drier, or in the oven, is provided instead using flat baking surfaces. Depending on the production type and flow rate, drum dryer satisfies rotating at a constant speed, the slope and the length.The drum is also perforated so that allows the air flow inside. The perforation should not too much large but also prevent the escape of flakes. Also, during the thermal treatment browning, expansion degree, texture, flavour, storage stability is determined. In order to obtain the correct values, the drying temperature and time should be adjusted properly. For the optimization of the system, length of the drier, diameter value, working temperature are affect fixed cost, variable cost and the heat loss from the system is considered.First at all, changing by temperature how affect necessary length is calculated T air in| Z| 210| 2,308504| 215| 2,296091| 220| 2,284367| 225| 2,273274| 230| 2,262 764| 235| 2,252792| It is seen that after temperature of the hot air increases, the necessary length of the system decreases . Due to decreasing of necessary length of the system , area decreases also , so fix cost is decreased (Money of dryer + installation) on the other hand according to table 6 T air in| Q system| electric cost| Area| money for cost of dryer + installation| total cost| 210| 146,708| 79222,32709| ,231014| 7949,192995| 87171,52| 215| 150,2011| 81108,57297| 1,224622| 7936,763821| 89045,34| 220| 153,6941| 82994,81886| 1,218584| 7925,023661| 90919,84| 225| 157,1872| 84881,06474| 1,212872| 7913,916768| 92794,98| 230| 160,6802| 86767,31062| 1,20746| 7903,393249| 94670,7| 235| 164,1733| 88653,5565| 1,202325| 7893,408318| 96546,96| TABLE 6 Q loss is increased , by temperature increase so variable cost(electric cost ) is increased also. owever, due to not big changing in the areas fix cost variable do not change too much by increasing or decreasing the temperature, but Q loss, on the other hand, makes too much difference by increasing or decreasing the temperature and also electrical cost for one kw/h is 0. 15 TL ,the difference of changing one temperature to other one is too big than fix cost. And according to data and tables, the optimum temperature is 2100C due to this reasons do not have a specific curve to us , the result is predicted as the minimum temperature. i. Assumptions * Working time of the plant is assumed as 16 hours Drying time is assumed as 150 seconds (optimum time is given as 2-3 minutes). * Surface temperature of the corn flakes entering the drier is assumed as 25oC(Tfeed=25oC) * Humidity of the air at the inlet and the outlet is assumed as 0. 04 and 0. 09, respectively. * Specific heat of the air is assumed as constant. ( cp,air=1. 02kj/kg*K) * Only the constant drying rate is considered in the calculations since it has a critical moisture of 4. 5-5. 2 %. [4] * The shape of the flakes is assumed as spherical. * Radius of dryer i s taken as 0. 082 m The efficiency of the drier is assumed as 85% to realize the calculations. ii. Possible source of errors * The shape of the corn flakes may not be perfect spheres. * Calculations may be done improperly due to the air humidity assumptions. * The corn flakes may be stuck on each other. * IV. RECOMMENDED DESIGN 1. Drawing of proposed design 2. Tables Listing Equipment an Specifications Equipment| Specifications| Rotary Drum Dryer| Heating Medium: Hot Air * Temperature : 225 o C * Humidity in: 0. 04 kg water / kg dry air * Humidity out : 0. 09 kg water / kg dry airLength: 2. 27 mPeripheral Area: 1. 13 m2Material: Stainless SteelType: PerforatedProcessing time: 3 minutes or 150 seconds| TABLE 1 3. Tables for Material and Energy Balances T air, in ( °C)| 210| 215| 220| 225| 230| 235| T air, out ( °C)| 163. 67| 167. 57| 171. 48| 175. 37| 179. 27| 183. 16| Product rate (kg/s)| 0. 174| 0. 174| 0. 174| 0. 174| 0. 174| 0. 174| Feed rate (kg/s)| 0. 206| 0. 206| 0. 206| 0. 206| 0. 206| 0. 206| Mass of air (kg/s)| 0. 648| 0. 648| 0. 648| 0. 648| 0. 648| 0. 648| H in, air (kj/kg)| 226. 107| 231. 490| 236. 874| 242. 257| 247. 641| 253. 25| H out, air (kj/kg)| 192. 191| 196. 767| 201. 343| 205. 912| 210. 495| 210. 071| Q (kj/s)| 33. 916| 34. 724| 35. 531| 36. 339| 37. 146| 37. 954| Q loss (kj/s)| 22. 006| 22. 530| 23. 054| 23. 578| 24. 102| 24. 626| T feed in ( °C)| 25| 25| 25| 25| 25| 25| T feed out ( °C)| 46. 253| 46. 275| 46. 298| 46. 320| 46. 343| 46. 366| Z, length (m)| 2. 32| 2. 296| 2. 284| 2. 273| 2,263| 2. 253| A, peripheral area (m)| 1. 231| 1. 224| 1. 219| 1. 213| 1. 207| 1. 202| time (seconds)| 150| 150| 150| 150| 150| 150| TABLE 2 4. Process Economics According to 225oC QSYSTEM =157,18 kJ TEDAS ,for 1KW/hour electric , cost is 0. 5TL. ————————————————- Electric cost = QSYSTEM *3600*0,15 Eqn 19 Electric cost=84881,065TL â€⠀Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Area =(2*? *r*z)+(2*? *r2) Eqn 20 AREA;=1,2128m2 For money cost dryer and installation a formula is found which is ————————————————- Cost = 5555,56+ 1944,44*area Eqn 21 money cost dryer and installation= 7913. 91TL ————————————————- Total cost = electric cost + money cost dryer +installationEQN 22 Total cost=92794,98TL T air in| Q system| electric cost| area| money for cost of dryer + installation| total cost| 210| 146,708| 79222,32709| 1,231014| 7949,192995| 87171,52| 215| 150,2011| 81108,57297| 1,224622| 7936,763821| 89045,34| 220| 153,6941| 82994,81886| 1,218584| 7925,023661| 90919,84| 225| 157,1872| 84881,06474| 1,212872| 7913,916768| 92 794,98| 230| 160,6802| 86767,31062| 1,20746| 7903,393249| 94670,7| 235| 164,1733| 88653,5565| 1,202325| 7893,408318| 96546,96| TABLE 6 FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 V.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS To sum up, the aim of this design project is to design a toasting oven for corn flakes to decrease its moisture content from %20 to 3-5 %. For this purpose, by using inlet temperature, humidity of air and inlet temperature and moisture content of corn flakes the system is designed. Moreover, during calculations length and radius of dryer, operating time, operating capacity and heat losses from the system is considered. After doing this calculation, the optimization done by altering the working temperature of the system and dryer radius and by considering heat losses from the system.These alterations affect to the both variable and fixed costs and different fixed and variable cost values are obtained. Different total costs values are obtained by using fixed cost and variable cost values and optimizati on is done. Finally, it is conculed that the dryer length is 2. 27 m when inlet air temperature is 225 oC. However, optimum length is obtained when the inlet air temperature is 215 oC which is 2. 296 m by considering total cost for the system. As a result, theoretical calculations are integrated with practical approach and feasible system is designed for the problem.As a recommendation, for the drying process of corn flakes other dryer types can be used. Fluidized bed dryer can be used for this process. There are some important advantages of this dyer. As an example, this type of dryer has very high thermal efficiency and low processing temperature can be used for the processing. [8] Moreover, the system should be controlled carefully, because any fluctuations in the temperature or other variables could made adverse effects. Temperature of the inlet air should be censored and color censor should be added to outlet of product to control the quality in a best way. VI. ACKNOWLEDGMENT S pecial thanks for their help and support to our instructors: Prof. Dr. Suat UNGAN Assist. Cem  Ã‚ · BALTACIOGLU * VII. TABLE OF NOMENCLATURE xfeed = kg solid/kg feed xproduct = kg solid/kg product Xfeed = kg water/kg dry solid Xproduct = kg water/kg dry solid Humidity air in= kg water/kg dry air ? =density (kg/m3) Q =volumetric flow rate (m3/s) V=speed (m/s) D= diameter (m) g= gravitational acceleration (m/s2) Qloss = kJoule Hin = Kj /kg dry air hproduct = kJ/kg Gair = kg dry air/m2. s * VIII. REFERENCES [1] Retrieved on November 2011 from; http://www. process-heating. om/Articles/Drying_Files/d238aadb9d268010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0____ [2] Retrieved on November 2011 from; http://www. rotary-drum-dryer. com/Knowledge/2011-05-08/141. html [3] Retrieved on November 2011 from; http://www. energymanagertraining. com/bee_draft_codes/best_practices_manual-DRYERS. pdf [4] Retrieved on November 2011 from; http://www. barr-rosin. com/products/rotary-dryer. asp [5] Retrieved on November 2011 f rom; http://www. thinkredona. org/rotary-dryer [6] Retrieved on November 2011 from http://www. blcrushers. com/chanping/2011-08-17/111. html? gclid=CM39p73vxKwCFQkLfAodemc4rw [7] Retrieved on November 2011 from http://www. rrowhead-dryers. com/drum-dryer. html [8]retrieved on November 2011 from http://www. directindustry. com/prod/british-rema-processing-ltd/fluidized-bed-dryers-62696-580253. html * IX. APPENDIX SAMPLE CALCULATIONS Mass values and fractions data: Capacity = 10000 kg per day product As assumed working time = 16 hours per day Product flow rate = (10000kg/day)*(1day/16hours)*(1 hour/3600) Product flow rate=0,174 kg/s Feed flow rate = (0,174*0,95)/0,8 Feed flow rate= 0,206 kg/s Moisture content of feed = 0,2 kg water/kg feed Moisture content of product = 0,05 kg water/kg product xfeed = 0,8 kg solid/kg feed product = 0,95 kg solid/kg product Xfeed = 0,2/0,8(=0,2/0,8=0,25 kg water/kg dry solid) Xfeed= 0,25 kg water/kg dry solid Xproduct = 0,05/0,95(=0,05/0,95=0,053 kg wa ter/kg dry solid) = 0,053 kg water/kg product Xproduct= 0,053 kg water/kg product Temperature & humidity data: Temperature of the air in = 225 oC Temperature of the feed = 25 oC Humidity air in = 0,04 kg water/kg dry air Humidity air out = 0,09 kg water/kg dry airH For finding G value, water balance is made as ————————————————- G*Hin + F*Xfeed/[(1+Xfeed)] = G*Hout + P*XproductEqn 1. G*0,04 + 0,206*[0,25/(1+0,25)] = G*0,09 + 0,174*[0,053/(1+0,053)] G= 0,648 kg dry air/s For finding energy balance, Hin , Qloss , Hout are calculated ————————————————- Hin = (1,005+1,88* Hin)*Tair,in Eqn2. (Material and Energy Balances in Food Engineering, Esin, A. 1993, p. 429) Hin = (1,005+1,88*0,04)*225 Hin = 242,25 kJ/kg dry air As efficiency is taken 85% ———à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Qloss = 0,15*Hin (85% efficiency) Eqn3. Qloss = 36,33 kJ/kg dry air ————————————————- Qloss in system = G*QlossEqn4. Qloss in system = 0,648*36,456 Qloss in system = 23,578 kJ/s ————————————————- Hout = (1,005+1,88* Hout)*Tair,out Eqn5. (Material and Energy Balances in Food Engineering, Esin, A. 1993, p. 429) Hout = 1,1742*Tout Energy balance: ————————————————- G*Hin = G*Hout + Qloss Eqn6. 0,648*243,045 = 0,648*(1,1742Tair,out) + 23,626 Tout air = 175,369oC Use eqn 5. And Hout is found as Hout = 205,91 kJ/s —————â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Siebel’s Equation: 33,49*(H2O) + 837,4Eqn 7. (Material and Energy Balances in Food Engineering, Esin, A. 1993 Eqn 5-33 p. 211) So , by using this equation cp,feed = 1,5 kJ/kg. oC cp,product = 0,98kJ/kg . oC ? feed = 1390 kg/m3 ————————————————- hfeed = cp,feed*Tfeed Eqn. 8 hfeed = 1,5*25 hfeed = 37,5 kJ/kg ————————————————- hproduct = cp,feed*Tproduct Eqn. 9 hproduct = 0,98*Tproduct Energy Balance: G*Hin + F*hfeed = G*Hout + P*hproduct + Qloss Eqn 10. 0,648*243,045 + 0. 206*37. = 0. 648*206. 59 + 0. 174*0. 98* Tproduct + 23. 63 Tproduct = 46,32 oC hproduct = =45,39 kJ/kg As mentioned, assumption of radius of dryer is taken 0. 082 m ———— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Gair = 0,648/(? *r2) Eqn. 11 Gair = 30,68 kg dry air/m2. s ————————————————- hair = 1,17*(Gair)0,37 Eqn. 12(Transport Process and Separation Process Principles, Geankoplis , Eqn 9-6-10 p. 583) hair= 4. 5 kj/ kg cp,air=1. 02kj/kg*K ————————————————- HTOG = (Gair*cp,air)/hair Eqn. 13 (Mass Transfer Operation, Treybal, p. 704) HTOG= 7. 535 Tair,in = 225 Tair,out = 175. 369 Tfeed = 25 Tproduct =46. 32 So TG is found by ————————————————- TG = Tair,in – Tair,out Eqn. 14 TG = 49. 06 ——————————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- TM = [(Tair,in – Tfeed) + (Tair,out – Tproduct)]/2 Eqn. 15 TM = 164,52 ————————————————-NTOG = TG/TM Eqn. 16 NTOG = 0,301 ————————————————- z = NTOG*HTOG Eqn 17 z= 2,27 m ————————————————- QSYSTEM=Gair*Hin Eqn 18 =242,25*0,648 QSYSTEM =157,18 kJ TEDAS ,for 1KW/hour electric , cost is 0. 15TL. ————————————————- Electric cost = QSYSTEM *3600*0,15 Eqn 19 Electric cost=84881,065TL —————————————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€ Area =(2*? *r*z)+(2*? *r2) Eqn 20 AREA;=1,2128m2 For money cost dryer and installation a formula is found which is ————————————————- Cost = 5555,56+ 1944,44*area Eqn 21 (Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers, Max . S. Peters) money cost dryer and installation= 7913. 91TL ————————————————- Total cost = electric cost + money cost dryer +installation EQN 22 Total cost=92794,98TLFor finding changes due to increasing temperature to higher or lower (  ±10 ? C) from 225oC Humidityin and Humidityout are taken constant. Humidity air in = 0,04 kg water/kg dry air Humidity air out = 0,09 kg water/kg dry airH T air in| Hin| Q loss| Qloss in SYSTEM| Tair out| Hout| 210| 226,107| 33,91605| 22,00620197| 163,6782| 192,191| 215| 231,4905| 34, 72358| 22,53015916| 167,5753| 196,7669| 220| 236,874| 35,5311| 23,05411635| 171,4724| 201,3429| 225| 242,2575| 36,33863| 23,57807354| 175,3695| 205,9189| 230| 247,641| 37,14615| 24,10203073| 179,2666| 210,4949| 235| 253,0245| 37,95368| 24,62598792| 183,1637| 215,0708| TABLE 4Gair and h are constant , as I found before as hfeed = 37,5 kJ/kg and Gair =30,68 T air in| T product| h product| h air| h TOG| TG| TM| N TOG| z| 210| 46,25308| 45,32802| 4,152621| 7,535866| 46,32179| 151,2126| 0,306336| 2,308504| 215| 46,27571| 45,3502| 4,152621| 7,535866| 47,42469| 155,6498| 0,304688| 2,296091| 220| 46,29834| 45,37238| 4,152621| 7,535866| 48,52759| 160,087| 0,303133| 2,284367| 225| 46,32097| 45,39455| 4,152621| 7,535866| 49,63049| 164,5243| 0,301661| ,273274| 230| 46,3436| 45,41673| 4,152621| 7,535866| 50,73339| 168,9615| 0,300266| 2,262764| 235| 46,36623| 45,43891| 4,152621| 7,535866| 51,83629| 173,3987| 0,298943| 2,252792| TABLE 5 T air in| Q system| electric cost| area| money for cost of dr yer + installation| total cost| 210| 146,708| 79222,32709| 1,231014| 7949,192995| 87171,52| 215| 150,2011| 81108,57297| 1,224622| 7936,763821| 89045,34| 220| 153,6941| 82994,81886| 1,218584| 7925,023661| 90919,84| 225| 157,1872| 84881,06474| 1,212872| 7913,916768| 92794,98| 230| 160,6802| 86767,31062| 1,20746| 7903,393249| 94670,7| 235| 164,1733| 88653,5565| 1,202325| 7893,408318| 96546,96| TABLE 6 FIGURE1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 According to figures, most suitable temperature is 210oC by making optimization.